Ciprofloxacin: Uses & Side Effects

Ciprofloxacin

Generic Name

Ciprofloxacin

Group

Fluoroquinolone

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication and transcription, leading to bacterial cell death. Concentration-dependent bactericidal activity.

Indications

Urinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated)
Gastrointestinal infections (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella)
Respiratory tract infections (community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia)
Skin and soft tissue infections
Bone and joint infections
Anthrax (inhalational or cutaneous)

Dose

Adults: 250–750 mg orally or IV every 12 hours depending on infection severity
Children: Generally not recommended; use only in serious infections
Adjust dose in renal impairment

Major Side Effects

Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
Rash, photosensitivity
Tendonitis or tendon rupture (especially in elderly)
Peripheral neuropathy (rare)
QT prolongation (rare)

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones
Children and adolescents (risk of cartilage damage) unless benefits outweigh risks
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (avoid unless necessary)

Compatible Fluid

0.9% Sodium chloride (normal saline)
5% Dextrose (D5W)

Route of Administration

Oral or Intravenous (IV)

Type of Administration

Tablet, Suspension, or Parenteral injection (IV)

Antibiotic Reference

Ciprofloxacin

Generic Name

Group

Mechanism of Action

Indications

Dose

Major Side Effects

Contraindications

Compatible Fluid

Route of Administration

Type of Administration