Diazepam

Benzodiazepine for Seizures, Anxiety & Muscle Spasm

Indication

Used in status epilepticus, febrile seizures, anxiety disorders, muscle spasm.

Available Form

Injection (5 mg/ml, 10 mg/2 ml ampoule), oral tablets, rectal solution.

Dosage

Pediatric (IV/rectal): 0.2–0.3 mg/kg (max 10 mg/dose), may repeat once in 10–15 min.

Adult (IV): 5–10 mg slowly IV every 10–15 min if needed (max 30 mg in 8 hours).

⚡ Major Side Effects

  • Respiratory depression
  • Drowsiness, sedation
  • Hypotension
  • Confusion, ataxia (especially elderly)

🚫 Contraindications

  • Severe respiratory insufficiency
  • Sleep apnea syndrome
  • Severe hepatic impairment
  • Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines

💧 Compatible Solvent

Can be diluted in 0.9% NaCl or 5% dextrose. Must be given slowly IV to avoid respiratory depression.

⚠️ Special Precautions

  • Always administer slowly IV to reduce risk of apnea.
  • Monitor respiration, airway, and BP during administration.
  • Use with caution in elderly, debilitated, or patients with renal/hepatic impairment.
  • Risk of dependence with prolonged use.