Indication
Used in status epilepticus, neonatal seizures, sedation, and seizure prophylaxis.
Available Form
Injection 20 mg/ml, oral solution 15 mg/ml, tablets 30 mg, 100 mg.
Dosage
Pediatric (IV/IM/PO): 15–20 mg/kg as loading dose for status epilepticus, then 3–5 mg/kg/day divided BID/TID for maintenance.
Adult: 15–20 mg/kg IV/IM as loading dose, maintenance 1–3 mg/kg/day divided BID/TID.
⚡ Major Side Effects
- Respiratory depression
- Excessive sedation, drowsiness
- Hypotension (IV bolus)
- Allergic reactions, rash
🚫 Contraindications
- Severe respiratory insufficiency
- Severe hepatic impairment
- Hypersensitivity to barbiturates
- Porphyria
💧 Compatible Solvent
IV injection can be diluted with 0.9% NaCl or 5% dextrose and should be administered slowly to avoid hypotension.
⚠️ Special Precautions
- Monitor respiration, blood pressure, and level of consciousness.
- Use caution in elderly, debilitated, or renal/hepatic impaired patients.
- Avoid rapid IV injection to prevent hypotension and respiratory depression.
- Long-term use can cause dependence.