Generic & Brand Names
Generic: Budesonide
Common Brands: Pulmicort®, Budicort®, Rhinocort®
Drug Class
Inhaled Corticosteroid Anti-inflammatory Respiratory Agent Mechanism of Action
Budesonide is a corticosteroid that binds to glucocorticoid receptors, reducing airway inflammation, edema, and mucus production. It decreases the frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations.
Indications
- Maintenance therapy of asthma (adults and children)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with frequent exacerbations
- Allergic rhinitis (nasal formulation)
Dosage (General)
- Adults (inhalation): 200–800 mcg twice daily (via inhaler or nebulizer)
- Children 6–12 years: 100–400 mcg twice daily
- Allergic rhinitis (nasal): 64–256 mcg per nostril once daily
Rinse mouth after inhalation to prevent oral candidiasis.
Side Effects
- Oral candidiasis (thrush)
- Hoarseness / dysphonia
- Throat irritation
- Cough
- Rare systemic corticosteroid effects with high doses
Contraindications & Precautions
- Hypersensitivity to budesonide or other corticosteroids
- Active untreated infections (fungal, bacterial, viral)
- Use caution in patients with tuberculosis
Drug Interactions
- CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) may increase systemic levels
- Other corticosteroids (systemic) increase risk of side effects
Pregnancy & Lactation
Considered relatively safe; use only if clinically indicated.
Key Notes
- Not for relief of acute asthma attacks
- Long-term inhalation reduces systemic steroid exposure compared to oral corticosteroids
- Regular use improves asthma control and reduces exacerbations
References
- British National Formulary (BNF). Inhaled corticosteroids – Budesonide.
- British National Formulary for Children (BNFc). Asthma and allergic rhinitis.
- Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 22nd ed. Elsevier; Respiratory pharmacology.
- Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 15th ed. McGraw-Hill.