💊 Dexamethasone

Systemic Corticosteroid (Glucocorticoid)

Generic Name	Dexamethasone
Drug Class	Corticosteroid (Long-acting glucocorticoid)
Indications	Severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis (adjunct) Asthma and COPD exacerbations Cerebral edema Shock (adjunct) Autoimmune and inflammatory disorders Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Croup (pediatric)
Mechanism of Action	Suppresses inflammation and immune response by inhibiting cytokine production, leukocyte migration, and capillary permeability; no significant mineralocorticoid activity.
Available Forms & Strengths	• Tablet: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg • Syrup: 0.5 mg/5 mL • Injection: 4 mg/mL, 8 mg/2 mL • Eye/Ear drops (various strengths)
Dosage	Adults: 0.5–10 mg/day (depending on indication) Children: 0.15–0.6 mg/kg/day (e.g., croup: 0.15–0.6 mg/kg single dose)
Route	Oral, IV, IM, topical, ophthalmic
Common Side Effects	Hyperglycemia Gastric irritation Weight gain Mood changes Insomnia
Serious Adverse Effects	Adrenal suppression, infections, hypertension, GI bleeding, osteoporosis
Contraindications	• Systemic fungal infections • Hypersensitivity to dexamethasone
Precautions	• Diabetes mellitus • Hypertension • Peptic ulcer disease • Tuberculosis or latent infections
Drug Interactions	• NSAIDs (↑ GI bleeding risk) • Rifampicin, phenytoin (↓ steroid levels) • Live vaccines (avoid)
Pregnancy & Lactation	Pregnancy: Use if benefit outweighs risk Lactation: Compatible in short courses
Storage	Store below 30°C, protect from light
References	BNF \| BNF for Children \| Goodman & Gilman

⚠️ Clinical note: Taper gradually after prolonged use. Monitor blood glucose, blood pressure, and infection signs.