💊 Omeprazole

Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Generic Name Omeprazole
Drug Class Proton Pump Inhibitor
Indications
  • Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Erosive esophagitis
  • Helicobacter pylori eradication (with antibiotics)
  • NSAID-induced ulcer prophylaxis
  • Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
Mechanism of Action Irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+-ATPase proton pump in gastric parietal cells, leading to profound suppression of gastric acid secretion.
Available Forms & Strengths • Capsule / Tablet: 20 mg, 40 mg
• Oral suspension
• IV injection: 40 mg
Dosage Adults: 20–40 mg once daily (before meals)
Children: 0.7–1 mg/kg once daily (max 40 mg)
Route Oral, IV
Common Side Effects
  • Headache
  • Abdominal pain
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea or constipation
Serious Adverse Effects Hypomagnesemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, C. difficile infection, increased fracture risk (long-term use)
Contraindications Hypersensitivity to omeprazole or other PPIs
Precautions • Long-term therapy
• Hepatic impairment
• Osteoporosis risk
Drug Interactions • Clopidogrel (↓ antiplatelet effect)
• Warfarin
• Phenytoin
• Diazepam
Pregnancy & Lactation Pregnancy: Generally considered safe
Lactation: Use with caution
Storage Store below 30°C, protect from moisture
References BNF | BNF for Children | Goodman & Gilman
⚠️ Clinical note: Avoid unnecessary long-term use; reassess indication periodically.
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