Salbutamol

Short-Acting β₂-Agonist (SABA)

Generic Name

Salbutamol (Albuterol)

Drug Class

Short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilator

Indications

Acute bronchial asthma
Exercise-induced bronchospasm
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Acute severe asthma (status asthmaticus)
Hyperkalemia (adjunct therapy)

Dosage

MDI (Adults & Children): 100–200 mcg (1–2 puffs) every 4–6 hours
Nebulization: 2.5–5 mg every 4–6 hours (acute attacks may repeat)
Children: 2.5 mg nebulized; may increase to 5 mg in older children
IV (severe cases): As per specialist protocol

Route of Administration

Inhalation (MDI, nebulizer), Oral, Intravenous

Mechanism of Action

Salbutamol selectively stimulates β₂-adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation. It also facilitates potassium uptake into cells.

Common Adverse Effects

Tremor
Palpitations
Tachycardia
Nervousness
Headache

Serious Adverse Effects

Severe tachyarrhythmia
Hypokalemia
Lactic acidosis (high doses)
Paradoxical bronchospasm (rare)

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to salbutamol

Precautions

Use cautiously in cardiac disease
Monitor potassium with high-dose therapy
Overuse indicates poor asthma control

Drug Interactions

Beta-blockers – reduce bronchodilator effect
Diuretics – increased risk of hypokalemia
Other sympathomimetics – increased cardiac effects

Pregnancy & Lactation

Considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding when clinically indicated.

Patient Counseling

Demonstrate correct inhaler technique
Do not exceed prescribed dose
Seek medical help if relief lasts <4 hours
Use spacer in children when possible